The Five Points of Calvinism

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The Five Points of Calvinism

In Christian theology, soteriology (the doctrine of salvation) is one of the most important topics. Among various theological perspectives, the Five Points of Calvinism form the core of Reformed theology. These doctrines are based on the teachings of the 16th-century Reformer John Calvin and were officially formulated at the Synod of Dort (1618-1619).

The Five Points of Calvinism are commonly summarized by the acronym "TULIP", representing Total Depravity, Unconditional Election, Limited Atonement, Irresistible Grace, and Perseverance of the Saints. These doctrines emphasize that salvation is entirely dependent on God’s sovereign grace, not on human effort or merit. Salvation is determined by God's divine election and protection.

Calvinism is often contrasted with Arminianism, a theological perspective promoted by Jacobus Arminius and his followers. Arminians emphasize human free will, arguing that God’s election is based on foreseen faith. In contrast, Calvinism upholds God’s absolute sovereignty and grace, teaching that salvation is not dependent on human choice or actions.

In this study, we will examine each of the five doctrines, exploring their biblical foundations and their significance in Christian faith and life.

1. Total Depravity

Humanity, after Adam’s fall, is totally depraved, meaning that apart from God’s grace, no one can achieve salvation.

Total depravity does not mean utter depravity (absolute corruption), but rather that every aspect of human nature (intellect, emotions, and will) has been affected by sin.

This doctrine is supported by Romans 3:10-12 ("There is none righteous, no, not one...") and Ephesians 2:1 ("And you were dead in your trespasses and sins").

2. Unconditional Election

Before the foundation of the world, God unconditionally chose certain individuals for salvation.

This election is not based on human merit or faith but is solely determined by God’s sovereign grace.

If God has chosen someone for salvation, that person will certainly be saved.

This doctrine is supported by Ephesians 1:4-5 ("For he chose us in him before the creation of the world...") and Romans 9:16 ("So then it depends not on human will or exertion, but on God, who has mercy").

3. Limited Atonement

The atonement of Jesus Christ is not for all people but only for those whom God has chosen.

The saving power of Christ’s sacrifice is effective only for the elect.

This means that although Christ’s atonement has infinite value, it is not applied universally to all people.

This doctrine is supported by John 10:11 ("I am the good shepherd. The good shepherd lays down his life for the sheep.") and Matthew 1:21 ("He will save his people from their sins").

4. Irresistible Grace

The grace that God gives to those He has chosen cannot be resisted.

When the Holy Spirit works in the hearts of the elect, they will certainly come to faith in Christ.

Regeneration (being born again) is not a human decision but a divine work of grace.

This doctrine is supported by John 6:37 ("All that the Father gives me will come to me...") and Romans 8:30 ("And those he predestined, he also called...").

5. Perseverance of the Saints

Those whom God has chosen and saved will never lose their salvation.

True believers may face trials and temptations, but they will ultimately endure and receive eternal life.

This perseverance is not based on human effort but on God’s sustaining grace.

This doctrine is supported by John 10:28-29 ("I give them eternal life, and they shall never perish...") and Philippians 1:6 ("He who began a good work in you will bring it to completion...").

🔥 Key Summary of the Five Points of Calvinism

✅ Humanity is totally depraved and cannot save itself.
✅ God unconditionally elects certain individuals for salvation.
✅ Christ’s atonement is effective only for the elect.
✅ God’s grace is irresistible for those He has chosen.
✅ The elect will persevere and never lose their salvation.

These doctrines emphasize God’s absolute sovereignty in salvation and form the foundation of Reformed theology.

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